See how your favourites stack up say Simone Pettigrew and Allison Gaines
Lasagne or risotto? Muesli bar or brownie? What’s better for the planet? How do you know for sure? We’ve crunched the numbers on greenhouse gas emissions so you don’t have to. All you need is a smartphone and the ecoSwitch app.
Using it to scan a product’s barcode will check its ‘planetary health rating’. This will allow you to see if it’s worth switching to another product with a better rating.
Or read on for the edited highlights. If every Australian swapped higher-emission products for very similar but lower-emission products, total emissions from household groceries would fall by a quarter (26 per cent). Taking this a step further, consistently switching to the ‘less similar’ lower-emission option – such as swapping to a different type of bread – would cut emissions from household groceries by a whopping 71 per cent.
Australians, in common with those around the world, are becoming increasingly aware that their food choices have consequences.
Many would like to see sustainability information on product packaging, to help them make more environmentally-friendly choices.
But in the absence of industry-wide standards and regulations, unofficial logos and vague claims are proliferating. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has found misleading ‘greenwashing’ labels are particularly prevalent in the food and beverage sector.
Frustrated by a lack of action, we devised our own labelling system.
First, we carried out a total life-cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions for more than 60,000 packaged food products.
We used the list of ingredients as a starting point. Then we estimated the weight of each ingredient, using a mathematical formula.
We sourced existing information on total greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of each ingredient. And finally, we put it all together.
Each product now has a ‘planetary health rating’, which is a measure of its emissions on a ten-point scale from half a star (high emissions) to five stars (low emissions). This is consistent with the Health Star Rating format.
Through the ecoSwitch app, consumers can see how selected packaged food items rate and then consider more environmentally friendly alternatives.
Our new analysis of the ecoSwitch database, combined with sales data, delivers a sobering picture of the Australian diet.
The food and drink we bring into our homes each year represents total emissions of about 31.3 million tonnes of greenhouse gases.
The main offenders are meat and meat products (49 per cent of emissions), dairy products (17 per cent) and non-alcoholic drinks (16 per cent).
Cutting consumption of these products can help rein in the food system’s contribution to global warming.
But packaged foods contain many ingredients, with differing levels of emissions. This is where ecoSwitch can help. Take soup, for example.
One type of pumpkin soup receives a planetary health rating of 5 stars, while a chicken and sweetcorn soup receives 1.5 stars. In the snack bar category, a particular fruit and oat muesli bar receives 4 stars while a chocolate and oat bar receives 1 star.
Such large variation within product categories shows how much difference consumers can make through their choices.
The ecoSwitch app also provides the health star rating for each food product in the database. This is very useful considering the health star ratings are only displayed on one-third of products.
Fortunately, in most instances, the more sustainable choice is also the healthier choice, so consumers don’t need to trade off personal health for planetary health.
The food and beverage sector ranks second only to the energy sector in terms of global contributions to greenhouse emissions. Patterns of consumption in higher-income countries must change if we are to meet our climate goals.
Incorporating sustainability considerations into dietary guidelines is worthwhile, but this alone is insufficient. Voluntary, or better still, mandatory food labelling is needed to reduce the production of high-emission products (such as meat and dairy) in favour of low-emission products (such as vegetables).
Once consumers have access to more comprehensive information about products, manufacturers will change their production processes to achieve more favourable scores. This was the case with nutrition labelling, and there is every reason to expect a similar response to sustainability labelling.
Governments can also use the information to monitor the food sector, identify particularly problematic products and product categories, and offer incentives – or penalise companies accordingly.
Knowledge is power, and ecoSwitch gives consumers the knowledge they need to make more sustainable food choices. In the absence of other reliable information, such knowledge is vital to help shoppers identify sustainable packaged food options in the supermarket.
Answers to questions like those posed at the start of this article will depend to a certain extent on the specific products being considered. But typically, risotto is better than lasagne. One pumpkin, leek and spinach risotto, for example, had a planetary health star rating of 4.5, compared to a beef lasagne with 0.5 stars. And cereal (muesli) bars are usually better than brownies. One apricot and almond muesli bar had a planetary health star rating of 4.5, while a fudge chocolate brownie bar received 0.5 stars.
Simone Pettigrew is Program Director of Food Policy, George Institute for Global Health and Allison Gaines is PhD Candidate in Public Health and Epidemiology, Imperial College London. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons licence
