Politicians vying for votes in Greece’s election on Sunday have turned to YouTube and TikTok to win over a younger generation who have long felt that years of crises have cost them their youth.
Eirini Baliaka is a case in point. A decade after entering university in the hopes of becoming a teacher, juggling jobs to pay bills as Greece faced a deep economic slump, a pandemic and cost-of-living crisis ensued, leaving her no closer to that ambition.
“What I imagined at 18 is a long way away from what I’m living at 28,” the physics student said. “I don’t know how we cannot be called a lost generation. I feel like I lost the game before it even began.”
Wooing under 30s like Baliaka is proving a challenge for parties across the spectrum ahead of the May 21 vote, with political pledges seen as falling short for a generation that will be vital to Greece’s economic outlook as its population ages.
A new electoral system means an outright winner is unlikely on Sunday, making every vote count.
Opinion polls show the ruling conservative New Democracy party ahead of the leftist Syriza overall. Among young voters, leftwing opposition parties tend to be more popular, but many remain undecided.
“It’s a generation of Greeks who grew up in difficult and unprecedented conditions, which does not allow them to take things too lightly,” said George Arapoglou, head of Pulse pollsters.
“They don’t need someone to inform them, they need someone to convince them.”
STATE OF STAGNATION
If elected, Syriza says it will abolish university entry requirements, while New Democracy has promised a 150-euro benefit when someone turns 18.
Lamprini Rori, assistant professor of political analysis at Athens University, says that, like Baliaka, most of her students work, and that will mark their political identity in the future.
Inflation and economic growth are the issues foremost on their minds, and while 82% of young Greeks say they intend to vote, only 35% believe elections can improve things, a survey by Eteron think tank found.
“If we continue with the same government I feel it will bring me more despair. If anyone else comes, do I believe it will bring about a big change? No,” Baliaka said.
Her predicament reflects a wider problem.
While the economy is forecast to grow by 2.3% this year and unemployment has eased to 10%, nearly a quarter of those under 24 are jobless, and 14% of those under 30 are “severely materially or socially deprived,” according to Eurostat, both figures more than double the EU average.
Economists say the scarring effects of lost income, skills and productivity suffered in earlier years will likely last a lifetime and could spell problems for state finances down the line, with an ageing and shrinking population worsened by an exodus of nearly 500,000 skilled young Greeks during the crisis.
“Pension income is a fiscal problem,” said Vlassis Missios, an economist at the Greek Centre of Planning and Economic Research. “In order to be covered, it requires a productive base that increases wages.”
For many young Greeks, finding suitable work is tough.
“Greece keeps you in a state of stagnation because of the bad – or few – opportunities it gives you,” Baliaka said.
SOCIETY THAT ‘TAKES AND TAKES’
Greece’s dire demographic problems mean young voters are only a small part of the electorate, at around 18%, but politicians cannot afford to be indifferent.
“It is a matter of political cost but also symbolically, they want to show that they care,” Rori said.
“Even if they can’t win the votes of the young people, they don’t want to have them as opponents. There’s always the danger of social unrest.”
In 2008, weeks of riots over the police killing of a teenager helped topple the government.
In March, after Greece’s deadliest train crash killed 57 people, most of them students, thousands of youths took to the streets in the biggest anti-government protests in years.
“We know that as young people we have to fight for our rights, for our needs, but it turns out we even have to fight for our own lives,” said Evangelia Grigoriou, a 22-year-old student whose friend was killed in the crash.
“This can only cause anger and indignation. You wonder, what kind of society do I live in anyway? It doesn’t offer me anything. It just takes and takes.”
POLICIES OF MAIN PARTIES IN MAY 21 ELECTIONS
NEW DEMOCRACY
Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis’ conservative party says he will maintain strong growth and boost wages, to bring them close to the European Union average.
New Democracy says:
– Greece can regain an investment-grade credit rating, achieve medium-term growth of 3.0% and cut public debt to 120% of GDP by 2030 from 171.3% now. It targets inflation of 2.0% in 2025 from 4.5% now.
– The average wage will be raised by more than 25% in 2023-2027, to 1,500 euros from 1,170 euros, with the monthly minimum wage rising to 950 euros from 780 euros. Public sector wages will also be raised by an unspecified percentage from 2024. Pensions will be raised by 3.4% from Jan. 2024.
– Unemployment will fall below 8% by 2027 from 12.7% last year. Social security contributions will be cut by one percentage point.
– Α business tax on the self-employed will be gradually reduced, by 20% in 2025 and 30% in 2026, before being scrapped by 2027.
– The tax-exemption threshold will be increased by 1,000 euros in 2024 to 10,000 euros for households with children.
– Renewables will account for about 80% of power generation by 2030 from about 40% now.
New Democracy says its 2024-2027 programme costs 9.1 billion euros in total and has been budgeted.
SYRIZA-PROGRESSIVE ALLIANCE
Firebrand leftist Alexis Tsipras, prime minister in 2015-2019, the peak of Greece’s debt crisis, says his Syriza party will increase wages and pensions and protect workers.
Syriza plans in its first 50 days in power to:
– Increase the monthly minimum wage to 880 euros from July 1, 2023 and reinstate collective bargaining. It says the minimum wage will be raised annually along with inflation.
– Scrap labour market flexibility and reduce working hours to 35 from 40 per week.
– Immediately increase public sector wages by 10%.
– Reinstate an annual bonus pension for pensions up to 500 euros and raise all pensions by 7.5%.
– Increase the tax-free threshold to 10,000 euros from 9,000 euros currently.
– Cut value-added tax on food products to 6% from 13% and scrap a sales tax on essential goods, such as milk and bread. Reduce a levy on fuels, heating oil and natural gas to the lowest rate in the European Union.
– Suspend auctions of primary residences for properties valued at up to 300,000 euros, until it bans such foreclosures.
– Impose a cap on profit margins in the energy sector and tax energy producers and refineries’ windfall profits. Reduce charges paid by electricity consumers and protect the vulnerable from power cuts due to arrears.
– Decouple power from gas prices.
– Write off part of the arrears owed to pension funds after the pandemic and allow debtors to pay off the rest in 120 instalments.
– Part-nationalise Greece’s power utility Public Power Corp and transfer the stakes in two water companies held by the country’s sovereign wealth fund to the state.
– Abolish Greece’s bank rescue fund HFSF and transfer the stakes it holds in the country’s four largest lenders to the state. Take over management control of one of the four banks.
– Gradually raise tax on dividends above 50,000 euros to 15%.
– Scrap a business tax on self-employed workers.
Syriza puts the cost of its plan at 5.5 billion euros annually, saying that it expects elevated revenues from taxing energy companies’ windfall profits.
